sept .19

7.1 Ionic Bonding 7.2 Covalent Bonding 7.3 Lewis Symbols and Structures 7.4 Formal Charges and Resonance

7.5 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds 7.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity

lattice:

metal + non m forms anion and cations which takes energy but we get the work used back when we pack them together in a lattice

ions packed together in a regular, repeating three-dimensional structure form an : ionic bonding

how do metal and non metal atoms bond? how does covalent bonding work?

occupy empty orbitals in the valence shell ( two atoms iwll share electrons using the empty orbitals )

sept . 24

• q. 45
  • 4p4 means 2 ( instead of 6 ) e- have same ml

ψ (psi) vs r:

• The principal quantum number (n) represents the energy level or shell. It is given in the graph and is not derived from the number of nodes.
• The number of crosses in the x-axis of the ψ graph represents the number of nodes, which is equal to the angular momentum quantum number (l). This determines the shape of the orbital.
• To find the number of planar nodes, use the formula: (n - 1) / 2, where n is the principal quantum number.